SYNONYM, ANTONYM, AND HYPONYM

Synonyms

Synonyms are directly related words that have comparable meanings and linguistics argue that no synonym can have an exact meaning to another. For example, the word “tired” is comparable to worn-out, sleepy, drowsy, or weary. It is arguable that each of those synonyms can contain slightly different meanings. Synonyms are not just limited to adjectives; they can also be used for nouns, verbs, prepositions, or adverbs. Most important these are used in writing to stimulate readers and spice up content.  

Antonyms

Antonyms are words with almost opposite meanings to each other. For example, the word “fun” has antonyms similarly opposite to it such as boring, dull, uninspiring or dreary. Like synonyms it is debatable that there can be one true opposite meaning. Antonyms can be applied to nouns, verbs, prepositions, and adverbs. Antonyms can be used to contrast two separate things, actions, feelings, and or placements.

Homonyms

Homonyms are two words that have the same spelling and the same pronunciation, but also hold two different meanings. These can sometimes cause confusion with ESL learners.  For example, the word “right” can relate to the directional right or it can also mean correct. If you are teaching directions to your ESL learners and the answer to a particular direction is “Left” then don’t confirm that by saying “Right!” I made this mistake once only to confuse the students.

Simile, Metaphor, and Symbol

what is simile ?

A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of the words “like” or “as”. Therefore, it is a direct comparison.

ex : - Our soldiers are as brave as lions.

-                        -  Her cheeks are red like a rose.

what is metaphor ?

Metaphor is a figure of speech which makes an implicit, implied or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated but share some common characteristics. In other words, a resemblance of two contradictory or different objects is made based on a single or some common characteristics.

ex :     -My brother was boiling mad. (This implies he was too angry.)

           -The assignment was a breeze. (This implies that the assignment was not difficult.)

what is symbol ?

Symbol is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, or relationship. Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise very different concepts and experiences.